The rule in Browne v Dunn does not operate as an absolute bar to leading evidence in contradiction of an opponent's case where the opponent's witnesses were not cross-examined on the relevant point; it is a misunderstanding of the rule to treat it as such. A criminal charge that is doomed to fail on the evidence may be stayed as an abuse of process. A court that makes findings bearing no direct relationship to the statutory elements of an offence constructively fails to exercise its jurisdiction. The elements of the offence under s27A of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) require that the requirement be made by the officer who is the informant, that the officer give the required warning, and that the requirement be reasonable in the circumstances.
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