A Woollin direction on virtual certainty of death or serious harm is not required in Queensland where the Criminal Code s 302(1)(a) governs and requires proof of actual intention; the trial judge should direct in accordance with R v Willmot (No 2) without elaboration or paraphrase of the word 'intends'. The Crown is not obliged to recall a witness for further cross-examination where the defence made a tactical decision not to raise the matter during the witness's original cross-examination. Under s 8 of the Criminal Code, the common purpose need not be limited to the ultimate objective (deprivation of liberty) but extends to the proposed means of achieving it, and an unlawful killing may be a probable consequence of a common purpose to deprive a person of liberty where violence has been used and is foreseeable.
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