A person who deliberately avoids receiving notice of a domestic tribunal hearing as a tactic to challenge the tribunal's jurisdiction cannot subsequently rely on insufficiency of notice to set aside the tribunal's decision. The 'obstructive conduct' exception from De Verteuil v Knaggs applies in such circumstances. Apprehended bias remains insufficient to disqualify a domestic tribunal; actual bias must be proved. A voluntary association's disciplinary committee may exercise jurisdiction over non-members who participate in events conducted under the association's aegis.
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