When directing a jury on the use of a deceased's statements of intention under Walton v The Queen, the trial judge must make clear that the statements can only be used as evidence of the deceased's state of mind and cannot be used to infer the accused's intentions or actions; any reference to an 'arrangement' must not suggest a mutual arrangement. Deficiencies in proof of chain of custody of DNA samples are deficiencies of proof, not cogency, and can be cured at retrial by calling witnesses to trace the passage of samples through each stage of testing.
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