Defence evidence challenging one piece of the Crown's circumstantial case does not transform the Crown case into one involving a chain of sequential reasoning requiring a Shepherd direction where none was otherwise required. A direction on intoxication in relation to voluntariness and specific intent is not required where the evidence of intoxication does not relate to the time of the offence. The warning as to risk of miscarriage of justice from Pollitt v R and R v Clough in prison informer cases is epexegetical of the standard corroboration directions and does not constitute a separate required ingredient.
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