A trial judge is not required to use the terms 'dangerous' or 'unsafe' in a corroboration warning where there is substantial corroborative evidence before the jury; a warning that it is 'not desirable' to convict on uncorroborated accomplice evidence, coupled with detailed identification of the reasons for unreliability, may be sufficient. An accused who dismisses competent assigned counsel at the commencement of trial because he wants a Queen's Counsel cannot establish a miscarriage of justice from being unrepresented, particularly where the trial judge renders meticulous assistance. Section 233B(1)(cb) of the Customs Act 1901 extends to conspiracies formed entirely outside Australia.
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