A holder of a commercial licence whose financial interests are directly and immediately affected by the grant of a competing licence is entitled to procedural fairness before the competing licence is granted, even where the original licence is not exclusive. However, the discretionary remedies of certiorari and declarations may be refused where there has been significant delay in seeking relief and alternative proceedings for damages exist. The precautionary principle does not dictate a specific outcome in environmental licensing decisions; the weight to be given to it is a matter for the decision-maker's discretion.
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