A trial judge is entitled to tailor redirections to address the specific concerns raised by the jury without repeating every statement of law given in the summing up. The word 'probable' in s 8 of the Criminal Code 1899 (Qld) is well understood by ordinary people and does not require further judicial explanation. The wrongful admission of minor, old, spent prior convictions will not constitute a substantial miscarriage of justice where the prosecution case is very strong and not finely balanced, and the convictions are offset by evidence of no subsequent offending.
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