The case confirms that in a high-risk pregnancy, a specialist obstetrician must ascertain the full history of an antepartum haemorrhage before proceeding to manage labour, and must consider the possibility of placenta praevia even where the baby's head appears engaged. The foreseeability requirement in medical negligence does not require that the precise mechanism of harm (here, vasa praevia) be foreseen, only that the kind of damage (harm to the baby from bleeding) was foreseeable. No discount is to be applied to Griffiths v Kerkemeyer damages for parental care of a disabled child on the basis that the parents would have provided some care in any event. Damages for a profoundly disabled plaintiff with cerebral palsy were assessed at over $8.38 million.
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