Deportation and loss of business resulting from criminal offending may be treated as punishing consequences that mitigate the sentence, even where they do not constitute hardship to the offender's family in the relevant sense. The standard of proof for subsidiary or incidental facts in sentencing does not require proof beyond reasonable doubt where those facts bear only on a conclusion as to the existence of an aggravating feature rather than being directly adverse to the accused. A discount of 33⅓% for a plea of guilty and assistance to authorities is excessive where the assistance amounts to little more than correcting the offender's own wrongful conduct.
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