The parity principle in Lowe v The Queen has no application where offenders are not co-offenders, even where there is some association between them and overlap in their activities. For credit card fraud involving systematic use of stolen card numbers with fraudulent identity documents over an extended period, general and specific deterrence are important sentencing considerations and a total effective sentence of 3.5 years' imprisonment is within range. A 15% discount for guilty pleas entered on the day of trial is appropriate where the pleas had significant utilitarian value but were not early.
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