In a circumstantial murder case, the trial judge is not required to direct the jury that motive must be proved beyond reasonable doubt unless motive is an indispensable intermediate step in the chain of reasoning to guilt; where motive is merely one strand in a cable of circumstantial evidence, the conventional [name withheld] direction suffices. A search warrant that misstates the address of the premises to be searched is invalid, but evidence obtained under it may still be admitted under the Bunning v Cross discretion where police had a genuine belief the warrant was valid and the contravention was not deliberate. A trial judge's ruling that counsel cannot appear on a voir dire unless briefed for the entire trial is erroneous, but the denial of representation does not necessarily cause a miscarriage of justice if the appellant has not lost a chance of acquittal fairly open to him.
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