The obligation under s 116 of the Evidence Act 1995 to direct the jury on the special need for caution regarding identification evidence relates to reliability, not honesty, and arises regardless of the defence raised or how the case is conducted. Bias does not fall within s 116; directions on bias depend on how the case was conducted. An identification parade is not reasonably required under s 114 where the identification forms part of the detection process necessary to effect an arrest and practical circumstances make a fair parade impracticable.
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