Section 61(a) of the Criminal Code (NT), which criminalises intentionally disturbing the Legislative Assembly whilst in session, is valid and does not infringe the implied freedom of political communication. The doctrine of separation of powers does not apply to limit the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly's power to create criminal offences that overlap with parliamentary privilege. Article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1688 protects members and witnesses, not strangers who enter the Chamber to protest.
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