On a review of a single judge's refusal of leave to appeal, the applicant must advance a reason why the single judge's decision was in error; failure to do so is sufficient to dismiss the application. An identification warning is not required where the prosecution case is circumstantial and the real issue is the circumstances in which the accused and complainant met, not whether they met. A trial judge's direction on demeanour should use language indicating that demeanour evidence 'may' or 'could' assist the jury, not that it 'will' assist, though the use of 'assists' rather than 'may assist' will not constitute a miscarriage of justice where the direction read as a whole makes clear that the assessment of demeanour is the jury's sole province. An unrepresented accused who dismisses counsel, agrees to self-represent, and declines offered adjournments cannot complain of a denial of procedural fairness at sentencing.
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