A sentencing judge is not required to follow any particular method of expressing the application of the totality principle; mentioning totality in the context of individual sentences rather than only at the end of the sentencing process does not necessarily demonstrate error, provided the sentencing remarks read as a whole show that totality was addressed as a matter of substance. The absence of penile or digital penetration in child sexual offences does not preclude a substantial total sentence where there are aggravating features including grooming, breach of trust, multiple victims, and offending over a prolonged period.
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