The case confirms that a sentencing judge may infer beyond reasonable doubt that an assault was planned rather than spontaneous from circumstantial evidence in an agreed statement of facts, including the luring of the victim to an isolated location, the pre-positioning of co-offenders, and the immediacy of the attack. Participation in a group assault with knowledge that a co-offender is armed with a knife carries a very significant degree of criminality for manslaughter by extended joint criminal enterprise.
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