A constructive trust arising from promissory estoppel takes effect from the time of the reliance rendering it unconscionable for the promisor to resile, not from the date of court order. A conditional gift containing restrictions on transfer does not constitute consideration, and the recipient remains a volunteer. Where an elderly person with dementia transfers property to family members on whom they are dependent, a presumption of undue influence arises which is not rebutted merely by evidence that the donor expressed an intention to make the gift or that professional advisers were involved in the transaction.
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