Post-contractual conduct can be used to ascertain the terms or subject matter of a wholly or partly oral agreement regardless of whether it constitutes an admission, extending beyond the Codelfa principle which addressed only written contracts. A developer who departs from a site-specific engineered construction plan in a construction certificate, without adequate inquiry and for reasons of cost and time savings, breaches the duty of care under s 177 Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW). Under s 5D(1)(b) Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), it is appropriate to attribute liability to a party whose negligence created the preconditions for another party's negligence to cause harm, where the first party's departure from proper standards was serious and the harm fell within the scope of the duty.
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