Where a prosecutor's address invites the jury to reason from an accused's responsibility for earlier injuries to guilt for the charged offence, the trial judge must give clear and specific directions against impermissible propensity reasoning, even if the prosecutor does not explicitly contend the earlier injuries were deliberately inflicted. Additionally, where multiple lies are alleged by the prosecution, the trial judge must identify each alleged lie and give [name withheld] directions in relation to each. The absence of scientific certainty in conflicting expert evidence does not of itself require a jury to harbour a reasonable doubt.
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