In negligent omission cases against school authorities, a plaintiff must establish on the balance of probabilities what the teacher would have done had the omitted information been provided, and that those steps would have averted the harm. The mere suggestion of possible alternative outcomes is insufficient to satisfy the 'but for' test under s 5D(1)(a). The burden of taking precautions under s 5B(2)(c) is not confined to economic costs but extends to privacy concerns and other intangible factors relevant to the school context.
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