Where off-duty police officers give evidence identifying an accused as present near the scene of a crime, and the evidence reveals that the officers knew the accused in their capacity as police, the trial judge must direct the jury not to speculate about how the officers knew the accused and not to use the circumstances of any subsequent arrest to strengthen the prosecution case. Failure to give such directions in a circumstantial case where the jury could equally have acquitted or convicted constitutes a miscarriage of justice.
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