The 'possible outcome' test for accident under s 23 of the Criminal Code (Qld) entails a lower threshold than the test for 'likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm' under s 271(1) (self-defence against unprovoked assault). Trial judges must not direct on both provisions in identical terms. If elaboration on 'likely' is given, it should be framed as requiring a 'real or substantial likelihood' without descending into percentages of probability.
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