A trial judge directing a jury on the second limb of defence of another under s 15(1)(b) of the Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) need not use the precise statutory language on every occasion, provided the substance of the statutory requirements is adequately conveyed. Where the defendant's genuine belief as to the circumstances and the threat are indistinguishable on the facts, the omission of separate reference to the subjective element regarding circumstances does not constitute a misdirection.
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