A trial judge's use of shorthand references to statutory self-defence provisions (such as 'proportionate' instead of 'reasonably proportionate') does not constitute a misdirection where the jury has been correctly directed at the outset and the shorthand nature of the reference is made clear. The failure to specifically direct a jury on a prior inconsistent statement does not render a verdict unsafe where the inconsistency was ventilated in cross-examination and counsel's address, and the judge gave a general warning to scrutinise the witness's evidence carefully.
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