Where drug manufacture is found to involve no level of commerciality and is primarily motivated by the offender's addiction rather than financial gain, the objective gravity and moral culpability are significantly diminished compared with commercial manufacture, warranting substantially lower sentences. The comparable cases involving commercial manufacture do not establish the appropriate range for non-commercial, addiction-driven manufacture. However, the majority and dissent disagreed on the degree to which addiction mitigates culpability for a voluntarily acquired habit.
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