In cases where general discovery has not been sought or ordered and discovery proceeds informally by reference to agreed categories, the traditional Peruvian Guano test of adjectival or indirect relevance no longer determines whether documents must be discovered. Instead, the court balances the likely forensic benefit against the cost and delay, viewed in the context of the value, importance and complexity of the proceedings. Mere demonstration of relevance is insufficient; the applicant must show that further discovery would add some dimension to the proof presently available.
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