A purportedly irrevocable direction to pay does not bind the principal where no consideration supports it and it is not executed as a deed; it may be withdrawn before being acted upon. Ostensible authority conferred on an agent vis-à-vis one party (a venue) does not assist a different party (a creditor) who received no representation from the principal. Claims against different parties founded on the same underlying wrong (agent's lack of authority) are cumulative, not alternative, and the doctrine of election does not preclude pursuing both.
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