A trial judge who accepts one party's evidence and rejects another's must explain the basis for that preference, including by assessing the credibility of the rejected witness and their supporting witnesses. Where a professional practice defence under s 41 of the Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) is raised, the trial judge must make a definitive finding on that defence and cannot avoid it by relying on 'the expert evidence as a whole'. A finding of negligence on a ground not pleaded, where the defendant was not given fair notice, constitutes error.
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