Where an administrative tribunal makes a substantive decision without affording a party any opportunity to be heard, the decision is a nullity for failure to exercise jurisdiction, and the tribunal is entitled (and may be required) to reopen the proceedings and conduct a proper hearing. Alternatively, a complete failure to afford procedural fairness constitutes 'extraordinary circumstances' under s 56(c)(iii) of the ACAT Act. Considerations of mere efficiency do not constitute 'extraordinary circumstances' under that provision.
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