A sentencing judge is obliged to expressly consider and give weight to evidence of an offender's disadvantaged upbringing and mental health where such evidence is before the court, even if not specifically raised in submissions. Mere recitation of the details without indicating the weight given to them is insufficient. Protective custody conditions, including the stigma and restrictions associated with protection, must be taken into account as a mitigating factor. Sentences must not be simply accumulated without reference to the principle of totality.
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