Indirect market causation is available under TPA s 82 and Corporations Law s 1005 to shareholders who acquired shares at prices inflated by misleading financial results, without proof of direct reliance, provided the plaintiffs establish that the contravening conduct in fact inflated the market price and that they did not know or were not indifferent to the true position. Subsidiaries whose financial statements are consolidated into a holding company's misleading results may be accessorially liable where an officer who authorised the subsidiaries' statements had actual knowledge that they would be carried forward and render the consolidated results misleading. Damages for market-based loss may be quantified by applying the actual price-to-book ratio to adjusted book values, isolating the impact of the contravening conduct from other market influences.
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