Sentences of 8 years' imprisonment for sustained, worst-category rape offending involving confinement, repeated violence and threats to kill over six weeks were manifestly inadequate; 10 years was appropriate. Cumulation of only 6 months per rape charge was manifestly inadequate where each charge involved distinct episodes of criminality; 1 year was appropriate. The totality principle cannot be applied so as to undermine the legislative policy in s 6E of the Sentencing Act 1991 requiring cumulative sentences for serious offenders. Voluntary heavy methylamphetamine use by an experienced drug user cannot reduce moral culpability, even where it explains the extent and brutality of the offending. Users of illicit drugs are a class to whom general deterrence must be directed.
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