In care and protection proceedings under the Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (NSW), the Briginshaw standard applies to allegations of sexual abuse even though the rules of evidence (including s 140 of the Evidence Act 1995) do not apply. The rule in Browne v Dunn does not mandate cross-examination on the particulars of an allegation where the witness is on full notice of the allegation and that it is contested. An inability to make a positive finding that abuse occurred does not preclude a finding of unacceptable risk of harm to the child, applying M v M.
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