A sentencing judge does not err by failing to expressly refer to Bugmy v The Queen provided the relevant factors of social deprivation are considered in the sentencing exercise. The Bugmy principles do not require a finding that social deprivation caused or explained the offending; the weight to be given to deprivation is a matter for individual assessment. A sentencing judge is entitled to reject expert opinion about an offender's mental state where CCTV evidence contradicts the opinion and the offender does not give evidence.
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