The R v Lewis principle — that the degree of harm an offender knows will be caused by the offence is relevant to moral culpability — is not limited to murder cases where an intent to kill is found. It applies also to manslaughter where the offender had an intention to inflict grievous bodily harm, provided the offender was aware of the likely consequences for the deceased's dependants. An intent to inflict grievous bodily harm is not inconsistent with it being reasonably foreseeable that death could result. The Lewis principle does not conflict with R v Previtera.
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