The maintaining offence under s 229B of the Criminal Code accommodates the reality that child complainants may be unable to particularise repeated acts of sexual abuse; general evidence of repeated abuse, combined with one particularised act, may be sufficient to sustain the offence. Consent under s 348 may be vitiated by the cumulative effect of grooming from a young age, parental authority, violence, and manipulation, even where the complainant appeared to comply with sexual demands in exchange for ordinary privileges.
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