Prejudicial comments by a prosecutor in an opening address referring to broader social problems (such as drug-related violence) do not necessarily cause a substantial miscarriage of justice where the trial judge gives prompt and comprehensive corrective directions. The scope of a joint criminal enterprise agreement may be inferred from the conduct of the parties, including their continued participation and failure to withdraw, even where no applicant can be placed at the precise location where the fatal act occurred. Sentencing disparity between co-offenders is justified where there are relevant differences in criminal history, role after the offence, and prospects of rehabilitation.
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