A trial judge's pre-appointment academic or professional writings about categories of litigants do not give rise to apprehended bias where the writings are directed at advising advocates and the litigant does not fall within the specific category discussed. Judicial disclosure of a prior professional connection, made out of abundance of caution, does not convert a non-disqualifying matter into a disqualifying one. For insolvent trading claims under s 588G/588M, the debt incurred by the company is distinct from the judgment debt used to quantify the plaintiff's loss.
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