A trial judge's obligation under s 295(3)(b) of the Criminal Procedure Act 2009 (Vic) to certify an interlocutory ruling for appeal requires assessment of whether the ruling is attended by sufficient doubt, and is not a mere formality once the 'sufficient importance' threshold is met. Cross-admissibility of tendency evidence from multiple complainants alleging violence by the same accused in intimate partner contexts is orthodox where there are clear links and common features in the offending.
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