A trial of preliminary issues under O 32 r 4 of the Rules of the Supreme Court 1971 (WA) is substantively different from summary judgment and does not constitute an abuse of process merely because an earlier summary judgment application was refused, as the trial of preliminary issues involves a final determination on the merits following cross-examination rather than a summary determination on affidavit evidence. An application to substitute an entirely new defence during the trial of preliminary issues may properly be refused where the application comes very late, outside the regime for amendment, and would necessitate an adjournment incompatible with case management principles.
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