In a representative proceeding alleging FX cartel conduct, leave to replead was refused where the proposed amended statement of claim contained an enormous number of permutations and combinations of alternative allegations as to the identity of parties, timing, form and content of the alleged arrangements, constituting an impermissible 'forest of forensic contingencies', notwithstanding that the group definition was held to be adequate and that information asymmetry in cartel cases warranted some flexibility in pleading standards.
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