Printouts of Gmail account synchronisation records and search histories are admissible as circumstantial evidence under the common law presumption of accuracy for notorious scientific instruments, without requiring evidence from Google or the platform provider, where a witness testifies to what they saw on screen and expert evidence confirms how the technology operates. The deferral of an admissibility ruling to the end of a trial, with defence counsel's agreement, does not occasion a miscarriage of justice where the defence knew the basis on which the evidence was tendered.
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