A deprived background that does not reach the level of 'profound childhood deprivation' described in Bugmy may still be given general weight in mitigation, but will not reduce moral culpability in a specific sense where the childhood deprivation does not explain the particular offending. Sustained family violence offending involving threats to kill, property damage, and attempted arson warrants stern punishment, and a total effective sentence of 5 years and 2 months' imprisonment was within range for such offending.
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