Expert evidence acknowledging the theoretical possibility of indirect DNA transfer does not automatically constitute a reasonable hypothesis consistent with innocence. The jury is entitled to assess the whole of the evidence, including the location and quantity of DNA, in determining whether the prosecution has excluded indirect transfer as a reasonable possibility. The date of an offence specified in an indictment using the 'on or about' formula is not a material particular requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt unless the date is of the essence of the offence.
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