The Court held that the Montreal Convention's exclusivity principle bars all claims against air carriers for injuries sustained during international carriage by air, regardless of whether an 'accident' occurred on board or during embarking/disembarking. The Court found that invasive examinations conducted on the tarmac while passengers were in transit fell within the scope of international carriage by air. The Court also held that an airport operator does not owe a duty of care to prevent law enforcement authorities from conducting police operations, even where those operations involve invasive examinations of passengers.
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