An unregistered group member seeking leave to participate after class closure must provide a particularised explanation for their delay; merely pointing to a recognised category of explanation is insufficient. The court will apply categorisation principles systematically, with the assistance of a Contradictor, and will individually review applications where necessary. In Victoria, the power to make group costs orders is settled by Botsman v Bolitho.
The full text is available to signed-in members, including the 14 later cases that cite this judgment.
4 of the 14 citing cases carry a classified treatment. How each court treated it is available to signed-in members.