Sentences of 3 years' imprisonment for rape charges in a domestic violence context involving physical force, resistance, and protracted humiliation were manifestly inadequate where the standard sentence is 10 years. The accompanying violence and restraint the subject of separate assault and false imprisonment charges remain relevant to the assessment of the gravity of rape charges, notwithstanding the principle against double punishment. A police officer's evidence that a complainant appeared 'traumatised' is admissible as a lay observation or opinion under s 78 of the Evidence Act 2008 (Vic) and does not constitute inadmissible expert opinion about a psychiatric condition.
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