1Extreme childhood deprivation experienced by an Aboriginal offender, assessed under Bugmy v The Queen and R v Fernando principles, reduces the offender's moral culpability and warrants a significantly lower starting point for the head sentence, even where the offending is objectively serious and the offender has an extensive criminal history.
2Where an offender's diagnosed complex post-traumatic stress disorder does not enliven the first four Verdins considerations, the fifth and sixth considerations — that custody will weigh more heavily and carry a greater likelihood of significant adverse effect on the offender — may still operate to moderate the sentence.
3A relatively low non-parole period may be fixed to promote rehabilitation through a lengthy parole period, even where the offender has demonstrated resistance to rehabilitation programs in custody, provided the offender is young and the prospect of positive change remains.
