In Tasmania, hypnotically induced testimony is admissible without a precondition of demonstrated reliability, though the trial judge retains a discretion to exclude it. The elements of abetting by presence require proof that the accused was voluntarily and purposefully present, intended to encourage the principal offender, and that the presence in fact encouraged the commission of the crime. Where bad character evidence is admitted without any permissible basis, a judicial warning is insufficient to cure the prejudice and a conviction will not stand.
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